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which contains the dry food to be burned, say a definite amount of
sugar, and an outer, which is filled with water. The food is ignited
with an electric connection and burned. This heat is transferred to the
water. When one pound of water is raised 4 degrees Fahrenheit, the
amount of heat used is arbitrarily chosen as the unit of heat, and is
called the Calorie.
Food burned (oxydized) in the body has been proved to give off
approximately the same amount of heat or energy as when burned in the
calorimeter.
[Sidenote: _Approximate Measures_]
1 oz. Fat = 275 C.
--about 255 in the body.
1 oz. Protein (dry) = 120 C.
--about 113 in the body.
1 oz. Carbohydrates (dry) = 120 C.
--about 113 in the body.
(ROSE.)
Can you see now why fats are valuable? Why they make fat more than any
other food? They give off more than two and one-fourth times as much
heat, or energy, as the other foods.
[Sidenote: _See Next Chapter for Definitions_]
Notice that protein and carbohydrates have the same food value as to
heat or energy, each 113 Calories to the dry ounce. However, they are
not interchangeable; that is, carbohydrates will not take the place of
protein for protein is absolutely necessary to build and repair tissue,
and carbohydrates cannot do that. But fats and carbohydrates are
interchangeable as fuel or energy foods.
_Calories Needed per Day for Normal Individuals_
[Sidenote: _Business of Growing_]
This depends upon age, weight, and physical activities; the baby and the
growing child needing many more calories per pound per day than the
adult, who has to supply only his energy and repair needs. The aged
require still less than the young adult. As to weight; I have told you
why overweight individuals need so little. As to physical activities;
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